Clinical manifestations. For the epidemic typhus is characterized by severe start with a high temperature, chills spilled pain, severe headache and weakness. In the beginning is often suspected influenza. Rash appears after 4-7 days earlier in the torso, and then at the extremities. Ample rash localized in the axillary basin. Rash makulopapuleznaya then becomes petehialnoy or hemorrhagic, then in its place remains brown pigmentation. Anyone palms and soles are usually not striking. It is often a violation of consciousness, delirium or coma. When severe form can miokardity and kidney failure. The seriousness of the disease varies from mid to death (case fatality rate may reach 10-40%). In tipichnyx cases if left untreated the disease lasts two weeks (ends gradual decrease in temperature and Crossfade symptoms. Nelechennyh In cases of mortality among children are rare, in adults, it ranges from 10 to 40%, increases in the older age groups.
The disease Brill-Tsinssera (back typhus) is a resurgence of typhus typhoid, coming years after the initial illness. Stress or unknown factors increase the activity of rickettsia. The disease Brill – Tsinssera similar to the primary infection, but has lighter and shorter.
Etiology. Causative agent – Rickettsia prowazekii.
Epidemiology. The man is the main source of the causal agent, which is transmitted from person to person, Peck platyanoy voshyu subspecies Pediculus humanus corporis. Her age, race and affects both sexes equally. Poverty, overcrowding, poor sanitation and poor personal hygiene contribute to the spread sh drink, and thus – the disease. Typhoid occurs worldwide, but increasingly in Asia, Africa, parts of Europe, Central and South America. More often it occurs in winter, when conditions conducive to the transfer platyanyh lice from person to person. Rickettsiae detected in the blood and tissues of patients in the early pihoradochnoy phase, but not in the selection. Direct spread of pathogens from person to person is not found, if no carrier. In the United States reported the presence of antibodies to the causative agent of epidemic typhus from flying squirrels, and recorded a number of human cases resulting from contact with squirrels.
The incubation period in humans lasts from 1 to 2 weeks