Clinical manifestations. Tularaemia usually characterized by high temperatures and heavy, like the common flu symptoms, including chills and mialgiey, while older children – headache. Increasingly, however, clinically diagnosed mild tularemia. Beginning of the island. Concurrently with the common signs and symptoms of developing one of the characteristic tulyaremiynyh syndromes. The most frequently – yazvenno-bubonic syndrome with the following characteristics: 1) In the area of the entrance gate to a primary painful Makulo-papular education, which then ulcerate and slowly heal, 2) severe painful inflammation of lymph nodes, which can nagnaivatsya and burst out.

Among other syndromes include: eye-bubonic (severe conjunctivitis involving Regionals limfouzlov) faringealny (heavy ekssudativny pharyngitis), bubonic (currently without a defeat skin and mucous membranes), generalized or tifopodobny (fever, hepatitis and splenomegaly) and pneumonia.
Etiology. Causative agent – Francisella tularensis, small, gram-negative kokkobatsilla.
Epidemiology. The source of infection could be about a hundred species of wild animals such as rabbits, hares, muskrat, squirrels and deer, at least nine species of domestic animals (large and small cattle and cats), sanguivorous insects that attack these animals (eg Mites, blohi and mosquitoes), as well as water contaminated by infected animals. In the United States, major reservoirs are rabbits and ticks. The most important vectors – mites. Infected animals and insects contagious long time, the frozen carcass of dead rabbits can remain infectious for more than three years. By risk group includes persons who have direct or indirect professional recreational contact with infected animals. Among them are hunters of rabbits or trappery, those ukushennye insects, and members of laboratories working with F. tularensis (highly provocative). Infection is possible with indirect contacts through biting insects or through direct contact with infected animals, use of contaminated inadequately cooked meat or water or inhalation of contaminated dust particles. Transmission from person to person has been proved. Causative agent can be detected in blood during the first two weeks of the start of illness and injury in places up to 1 month, if not started treatment.
The incubation period ranges from 1 to 21 days, in most cases, 3-5 days after contact.