Etiology. RDT belongs to the family of herpes viruses. There is only one type.
Epidemiology. Man is the only source of infection. Chickenpox vysokokontagiozna. Transmission from person to person occurs primarily through direct contact or through droplets. Prove and air channel. Patients shingles can transmit the infection. The emergence of VZV infection in the house usually ends contamination of susceptible individuals. Currently, the majority of cases wind smallpox is found in children from 5 to 10 years. Adults, with rare exceptions, immune because pereboleli earlier. Immunity is usually persists throughout life. Clinically expressed reinfektsii in healthy individuals are rare. People with immunodeficiency especially prone to develop advanced wind smallpox or generalized opoyasyvayuschego leaving. Varicella often occurs in late winter and early spring. Rarely are subclinical forms of infection. Period contagious, it seems, begins 1-2 days before signs of illness and ends at 5 th day after the appearance of sypi. Patients with advanced immunodeficiency and wind smallpox, probably contagious until the new rash.
The incubation period usually lasts for 14-16 days, less often from 11 to 20 days after contact. A recipient immunoglobulin Varicella – Zoster incubation period can lengthen.
Diagnostic tests. Perhaps the selection of the RDT vesicle patients during the first 3-4 days after onset. The diagnosis can also be confirmed by the study contents bubbles method immunoflyuorestsentsii. Herpes-viral particles detected in the direct electron microscopy. The availability of multicore giant cells with intranuclear inclusions (smear Tsanka) indicate the presence of VZV or another herpes virus. The diagnosis can be confirmed, the discovery of VZV in smears, using specific fluorescent serums as well as identification of seroconversion in the study of paired sera patient. RCC is not considered a reliable test, characterizing immunity. For this purpose, are also special serological tests, such as ELISA and fluorescent antibody reaction to the membrane antigens of viruses.